Abstract:The geological structure of metal mines is dynamic, and the conditions for mineral formation are intricate. The compounded effects of both open-pit and underground mining activities trigger a range of engineering geological challenges, including rock deformation, collapse, instability of open-pit slopes, and surface subsidence within the mining zone. These issues present significant risks to the safety of mining operations. The research techniques and theoretical frameworks for studying rock mass movement in metal mines have undergone constant refinement and have been applied across various mining operations. Nonetheless, there remains a need for additional theoretical backing in areas such as mining methods, design, disaster analysis, and management. This paper presents a synthesis of the strengths and limitations of numerical simulation techniques and model test research pertaining to the shift from open-pit to underground mining in metal mines. It delves into the intrinsic mechanisms and evolutionary processes of rock mass movement during mining activities. Utilizing established theories such as the rock mass activation theory, granular medium lateral pressure theory, the double-sliding surface deflection failure (DSD) model and stress analysis modele on cantilever beams, the deformation and failure characteristics and instability mechanism of slope and stope surrounding rock under different geological conditions are analyzed, and the safety prevention and control measures of rock mass movement in metal mines are summarized by combining the advanced monitoring and early warning technology of open-pit slope and surrounding rock support and ground pressure control technology of underground stope. This paper analyzes the main problems and research deficiencies at present, looks forward to the future development direction and research trend, and provides theoretical reference for engineering practice.