Abstract:Purpose: Copper mine tailings contain a large amount of heavy metal waste and have high toxicity. When tailings come into contact with rainfall, heavy metals dissolve and migrate to the surrounding soil and water through water flow, causing pollution to the environment. To this end, the migration patterns of heavy metals in the soil of copper mine tailings ponds under rainfall leaching were studied. Method: The heavy metal values in the soil environment of copper mine tailings in Heilongjiang region were collected and processed. The shower simulation was conducted using a leaching simulation device, which can simulate the migration process of heavy metals in tailings under natural rainfall conditions, thus more accurately reflecting the actual situation. Use distilled water and a peristaltic pump to carry out constant flow rate leaching, measure the pH value of the leaching solution, and analyze the migration content and morphological changes of heavy metals. Result: According to the research results, the dissolution of Fe, Mn, Cu, and as mainly occurs in the early stage of leaching, while the dissolution of Cd mainly occurs in the early stage of leaching, and there will be secondary dissolution release in the middle and late stages of leaching; The various states of heavy metals have changed before and after leaching, with the smallest change in the active form of Fe. The activity of Mn and As increases after leaching, while the activity of Cu and Cd decreases after leaching. Conclusion: Under leaching, the forms of various heavy metals in soil will change to varying degrees, thereby affecting their ecological and health risks. These findings are of great significance for understanding the migration and transformation mechanisms of heavy metals in soil and developing corresponding pollution prevention and control measures.