Abstract:As an important natural resource, phosphorus is widely used in the fields of industry and agriculture, at the same time, it may have an adverse impact on the regional ecological environment in the process of phosphate mining. Based on the numerical simulation software GMS, a simulation study on the transfer and transformation of total phosphorus in the groundwater in the region during the mining of a phosphate mine in southern China, provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of groundwater pollution in the study area. By generalizing the hydrogeological conditions of the study area and the existing hydrogeological data of the study area, a conceptual hydrogeological model was established. The groundwater level observation data in the study area were used to verify the groundwater level lines in the study area obtained by MODFOLW simulation, and the reliability of the model was verified; based on the groundwater flow field simulation results, the groundwater numerical simulation program MT3DMS established the sedimentation tank anti-seepage measures. Under normal working conditions, the total phosphorus transport model in groundwater in the study area. The simulation results show that under the condition that the anti-seepage measures (service period is 2000 d) cannot work normally, the time of total phosphorus exceeding the standard at 50 m, 100 m and 200 m downstream of the leakage point is 68.57 d, 500 d and 1585.92 d, respectively. There was no excess of total phosphorus in 2000 d at 300 m. In order to prevent the total phosphorus in the groundwater downstream of the phosphate mining area from exceeding the standard, it is necessary to find the problem in time and take emergency measures.